染雾企鹅 篇一
企鹅：南极之王的生存之道
企鹅是一种生活在南极洲的鸟类，以其可爱的外表和独特的生活习性而受到人们的喜爱。它们是南极洲的主要居民之一，被誉为“南极之王”。在这片原始而恶劣的环境中，企鹅们通过一系列的适应性特征和行为来生存下来。
首先，企鹅们拥有浓密的羽毛来保护自己免受严寒的侵袭。这些羽毛密度高、亮度低，能够在水下保持干燥，同时还能提供额外的保暖。它们的羽毛还具有防水的特性，可以让水迅速离开羽毛表面，使它们能够在水中游泳和捕食。此外，企鹅们还有一层脂肪层来保持体温，防止热量的散失。
其次，企鹅们在觅食和繁殖过程中展示出了卓越的合作行为。当它们在海中觅食时，常常形成群体，以防止被捕食者袭击。它们会齐心协力地驱赶鲨鱼和海豹等潜在威胁，确保自己的安全。在繁殖季节，企鹅们会集结在一起，形成庞大的繁殖群体。雄性企鹅会孵化蛋，而雌性企鹅则会前往海洋觅食，为孵化中的雄性提供食物。这种合作行为的存在使得企鹅们能够更好地适应南极洲的环境。
此外，企鹅们还具有出色的游泳能力。它们的翅膀变成了扁平的鳍，能够以高速在水中前进。企鹅们能够潜入深海，以追捕鱼类和甲壳类动物为食。它们的身体结构和肌肉控制使得它们能够在水下保持平衡，同时也具备出色的转向能力。这种游泳能力是企鹅们在南极洲求生的重要工具之一。
总之，企鹅通过其浓密的羽毛、合作行为和出色的游泳能力成功地适应了南极洲的恶劣环境。它们的独特特征和行为使得它们成为南极洲生态系统中不可或缺的一部分。企鹅的生存之道值得我们学习和关注，也提醒我们要保护这个脆弱的生态环境。
企鹅 篇二
企鹅：可爱生物背后的生态意义
企鹅是一种生活在南极洲的鸟类，以其可爱的外表和独特的生活习性而受到人们的喜爱。然而，除了给人们带来欢乐和惊叹之外，企鹅还具有重要的生态意义。
首先，企鹅是南极洲食物链中的重要环节。它们主要以鱼类和甲壳类动物为食，通过捕食这些生物来维持自身的生存。然而，企鹅不仅是捕食者，也是被捕食者。它们在水中捕食时，可能会遭遇到鲨鱼和海豹等潜在威胁。这种捕食和被捕食的关系维持了南极洲生态系统的平衡，保持了食物链的稳定性。
其次，企鹅的粪便对南极洲的营养循环具有重要作用。企鹅的粪便富含氮和磷等营养元素，在南极洲的冰雪中可以长时间保存。当企鹅在陆地上繁殖时，它们的粪便会积累成大量的粪便堆，形成“粪便带”。这些粪便中的营养物质会渗入到海洋中，为水中的浮游植物提供养分，进而影响整个海洋食物网的运转。因此，企鹅的粪便不仅是一种“肥料”，也是南极洲生态系统中的重要环节。
此外，企鹅也扮演着南极洲生态系统中的指示物种的角色。它们对环境变化非常敏感，特别是对气候变暖的影响。随着全球气温的上升，南极洲的冰雪融化加剧，给企鹅的栖息地带来了威胁。一些研究表明，一些企鹅种群的数量和分布范围已经发生了变化，这可能是气候变化的结果。因此，通过对企鹅的观察和研究，我们可以更好地了解南极洲生态系统的变化和气候变暖的影响。
总之，企鹅不仅是一个可爱的生物，还在南极洲生态系统中具有重要的生态意义。它们在食物链中扮演着重要的角色，通过粪便的循环也影响着南极洲的养分循环。此外，企鹅还可以作为指示物种，帮助我们了解气候变化对南极洲生态系统的影响。保护企鹅的生存环境，不仅是保护一种可爱的生物，也是保护南极洲生态系统的稳定和多样性。
企鹅 篇三
会说话的动物(Talking Animals)
The filmmakers behind the English-language version of March of the Penguins—which is distributed by Warner Independent Pictures and National Geographic Feature Films—toned down the anthropomorphism of the original, French release（发行）.
March of the penguins 的英语版通过Warner Independent Picture 和 National Geographic Feature Films 联合发行，其制作人在影片中淡化了法语原版的拟人风格。
In the original documentary the penguins "spoke" their own dialogue, like Bambi or Babe the pig. The version released in the United States uses a narrator, actor Morgan Freeman, to tell the story.
原版电影中企鹅有自己的对话，就像Bambi 或Babe the pig 一样。美国发行的版本，采用了Morgan Freeman 朗读的旁白。
Still, the film describes the emperor penguins as "not that different from us" in their pouting（噘嘴）, bellowing（吼叫）, and strutting（昂首阔步地走）.
但电影塑造的企鹅感觉仍旧和人类自身区别不大，无论是一颦一笑，还是步态举止。
The bond（联结） between the star penguin parents is called a "love story." And the penguins seem to have emotions— grieving over the loss of an egg or a chick, rejoicing at the return of a mate, loving their families.
电影中一对星级企鹅家长的婚盟可谓一场爱情。并且企鹅们似乎有着人类的感情——他们有丧子之痛，有重逢之喜，有家庭责任。
"In a few places it's a little over the top," said Alison Power, director of communications for New York City's Bronx Zoo and the affiliated Wildlife Conservation Society. "But I thought the filmmakers did an excellent job in not anthropomorphizing the animals."
New York City’s Bronx 动物园及附属的野生动物保护协会的交流主管，Alison Power表示“很少的几个地方有些许的过火，当制片人弱化了拟人风
Marine biologist Gerald Kooyman studies penguins at Antarctica's "Penguin Ranch," and he begs to differ. He said the portrayal of the penguins' mating rituals as a love story is a "major" case of anthropomorphism.
海洋生物学家Gerald Kooyman身处极地企鹅农场研究企鹅，他极力表示对电影的意义。他说电影中的婚配仪式纯粹是艺术化的拟人。
So do the birds experience emotions at all? "Zoologists would say, Probably not," said
Kooyman, who works for the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. "A lot of what looks to us like love or grief is probably hormonally driven more than some kind of attachment" to the egg, chick, or partner, he said.
那么其他鸟类是否拥有情感呢？“动物学家会说，也许没有，” Scripps海洋学研究所的Kooyman回答说“很多像爱和悲伤等类似人类的行为可能是激素导致而不可能是其他任何原因”，无论是针对卵，幼仔，还是配偶。
For instance, there are several scenes in the film when a parent seems to grieve over a broken egg doomed（注定，命定） never to hatch（孵化）, or appears to mourn over the body of its frozen chick.
比如说，电影中几组镜头下的场景，家长面对损卵显出悲伤，以及在冻死幼鹅尸体前流露的绝望。
Instinct, hormones, and the drive to reproduce influence a lot of the penguin behavior, Kooyman said.
Kooyman说，本能，荷尔蒙以及生殖的欲望都会很大程度上影响企鹅的行为。
"What gives the impression sometimes of sorrow is that they fool around with the [broken or frozen] egg, or other birds try to take an egg away," Kooyman said. "There's just a drive to incubate, to participate in breeding behavior at that time of year for these birds."
“导致人们产生这种悲伤印象的是它们无济于事地暖孵着（破损的）卵，甚至是当其他鸟来偷窃它们的宝贝时”，Kooyman说“然而实际上，每年的这个时节，企鹅都会有一种欲望来参加孵化，仅此而已”
The film also shows multiple shots of two adult penguins cuddling side by side, their beaks touching and forming almost a heart shape. It looks like love, but is it?
电影多次描写两只成年企鹅相互拥抱，它们的喙交织成心形。看上去形似相爱，真的如此么？
Despite the beautiful imagery, it's not certain that each posturing pair is actually a mated pair.
尽管电影表现得尽善尽美，但实际上并不一定每一对在镜头前展现风姿的都是情侣。
"If it's in August or September, the two are probably mates," Kooyman said. "In April it could easily be two birds that get together and then decide that they wouldn't make good partners.
Kooyman“如果在八九月份两只还双宿双飞，来年四月很可能就形同陌路了”
"You also see such posturing at the ice's edge. There's a lot of social behavior between adults," he added.
“相信观众也发现了镜头出现在冰面边缘，成年企鹅之间有很多社会性的行为”，Kooyman补充到。
临时家庭(Temporary Families)
Unlike nesting birds, penguin parents actually spend very little time together.
不同于筑巢的鸟类，企鹅实家长们际上在一起共同的时光很短。
The penguins make the grueling journey across some 70 miles (110 kilometers) of Antarctic ice each April to return to the breeding grounds where they were born. After the courtship period, the couple forms a strong bond until the egg is laid in May or early June.
每年四月，企鹅们历尽艰险，跋涉于南极冰面，行程70余英里（110公里），返回出生之地。在求爱期过后，企鹅夫妇便会保持稳固的夫妻关系直道五月或六月初产下蛋来。
However, as soon as the egg is transferred to the father, the mother takes off to return to her feeding grounds. She returns some two months later. The starving male, who hasn't had a meal in months, immediately leaves.
但是，一旦企鹅蛋转交给了企鹅爸爸，企鹅妈妈就会迫不及待的返回食物丰富的乐土。大约两个月后，当她重返此地时，饥寒交迫的雄性朋友已难耐数月的饥饿，会立即离开。
The two trade off rearing their fish and returning to the sea to feed for about five months, until the chick is old enough to be left on its own. After that point the parents will probably never see each other—or their offspring— again.
夫妻两个就这样交替的匆忙于照顾孩子和寻找食物之间，直道小企鹅能够独立生活。从那以后两只企鹅很可能就永别对方——或它们的子女。
"In a way, the film anthropomorphized the lives of the penguins, but I think it's OK," Kooyman said. "Simplifying some aspects of the penguins' life story makes it more accessible to the general public."
“某种程度上，电影将企鹅的生活拟人化，这很好，”Kooyman说“简化了企鹅生活的某些方面，观众更宜于接受了。”
Ever since Walt Disney immortalized（使…成为不朽） interspecies friendships and talking teapots, anthropomorphism (attributing human traits and emotions to animals or objects) has been a movie staple（主要产品）.
自从Walt Disney将种间友谊以及人化的物品（talking teapot）带入人们的思想，拟人论（赋予动物及物品以人的特征和情感）遂成为后世电影的一个主要题材。
Now some scientists are criticizing the movie March of the Penguins for portraying the Antarctic seabirds almost as tiny, two-tone humans.
目前很多科学家批评电影March of the penguine (应该是：帝企鹅日记) 几乎把南极的海鸟刻画成矮小的双色人。
The poster for the surprise hit film reads, "In the harshest place on Earth love finds a way." And the movie describes the annual journey of emperor penguins to their breeding grounds as a "quest to find the perfect mate and start a family" against impossible odds.
这部招受抨击的电影海报中写到“爱情滋长在环境最严酷的一片土地上。”电影表现了帝企鹅一年一次的大迁徙过程，他们抵御各种险阻，返回出生地，“寻求意中伴侣，成立家庭”。
The penguins are the only animals that make a home above the ice in the subzero temperatures and blistering winds of the Antarctic winter. They overcome incredible odds just to survive, never mind breed and nurture new life.
But is it love?
企鹅是一种独特的动物，在南极的冰面上领教着零下的温度、透骨的严寒，依旧构筑着自己的家庭与梦想。
但是，这算是爱情么？
