染雾南京导游考试夫子庙导游词 篇一
夫子庙，位于南京市秦淮河畔，是中国著名的文化名胜区之一。夫子庙是一座集南京古建筑、文化艺术和民俗风情于一体的综合性旅游景区。下面，我将为大家介绍夫子庙的历史、建筑和文化。
夫子庙的历史可以追溯到明朝，作为南京最重要的文化教育中心之一，夫子庙曾经是南京最有影响力的学府之一。夫子庙以纪念中国古代伟大的教育家孔子而得名。在清朝时期，夫子庙逐渐成为庙会的场所，吸引了来自全国各地的游客。
夫子庙的建筑风格独特，主要有三个部分：大成殿、巍峨的牌坊和石雕。大成殿是夫子庙的主体建筑，以其雄伟壮观的气势而闻名。大成殿内供奉着孔子的塑像，殿前还有两只石狮子，象征着威严和权力。牌坊是夫子庙的标志之一，它高高耸立在夫子庙的入口处，给人一种庄严肃穆的感觉。夫子庙的石雕也是其特色之一，从门楼到廊柱，都雕刻着各种神话传说和历史人物的形象，给人一种历史的沧桑感。
夫子庙不仅有着悠久的历史和独特的建筑，还承载着丰富的文化内涵。夫子庙的文化体现在庙会、民俗和艺术上。每年的夫子庙庙会吸引着无数游客，这里有各种各样的小吃、手工艺品和表演，让人流连忘返。夫子庙的民俗活动也非常有趣，例如穿越夫子庙、庙会表演和传统婚礼等。此外，夫子庙还是南京的艺术中心，这里有许多画廊、工艺品店和文化艺术展览。
通过这次夫子庙导游，相信大家对夫子庙有了更深入的了解。夫子庙不仅是一座历史悠久的建筑，更是南京的文化象征。夫子庙的历史、建筑和文化让人们感受到了中国古代的智慧和独特之美。希望大家在夫子庙的游览中能够找到属于自己的文化感悟，留下美好的回忆。
南京导游考试夫子庙导游词 篇二
夫子庙，位于南京市秦淮河畔，是中国著名的文化名胜区之一。夫子庙是一座集南京古建筑、文化艺术和民俗风情于一体的综合性旅游景区。下面，我将为大家介绍夫子庙的历史、建筑和文化。
夫子庙的历史可以追溯到明朝，作为南京最重要的文化教育中心之一，夫子庙曾经是南京最有影响力的学府之一。夫子庙以纪念中国古代伟大的教育家孔子而得名。在清朝时期，夫子庙逐渐成为庙会的场所，吸引了来自全国各地的游客。
夫子庙的建筑风格独特，主要有三个部分：大成殿、巍峨的牌坊和石雕。大成殿是夫子庙的主体建筑，以其雄伟壮观的气势而闻名。大成殿内供奉着孔子的塑像，殿前还有两只石狮子，象征着威严和权力。牌坊是夫子庙的标志之一，它高高耸立在夫子庙的入口处，给人一种庄严肃穆的感觉。夫子庙的石雕也是其特色之一，从门楼到廊柱，都雕刻着各种神话传说和历史人物的形象，给人一种历史的沧桑感。
夫子庙不仅有着悠久的历史和独特的建筑，还承载着丰富的文化内涵。夫子庙的文化体现在庙会、民俗和艺术上。每年的夫子庙庙会吸引着无数游客，这里有各种各样的小吃、手工艺品和表演，让人流连忘返。夫子庙的民俗活动也非常有趣，例如穿越夫子庙、庙会表演和传统婚礼等。此外，夫子庙还是南京的艺术中心，这里有许多画廊、工艺品店和文化艺术展览。
通过这次夫子庙导游，相信大家对夫子庙有了更深入的了解。夫子庙不仅是一座历史悠久的建筑，更是南京的文化象征。夫子庙的历史、建筑和文化让人们感受到了中国古代的智慧和独特之美。希望大家在夫子庙的游览中能够找到属于自己的文化感悟，留下美好的回忆。
南京导游考试夫子庙导游词 篇三
ladies and gentlemen. during yesterday's tour, i arranged for you to visitsuch places of interest as zhongshan mausoleum, ming xiaoling mausoleum, linggutemple and the former site of the presidential palace. today, i will take you toqinhuai river and confucius temple. qinhuai river tourist area is located in thesouth of the old urban area of nanjing. it takes about 20 minutes to get thereby bus from the urban area. it is a tourist destination with confucius temple asthe center, integrating sightseeing, shopping and tasting, displaying the styleand features of the ancient city and ethnic customs.
[origin and historical changes of qinhuai river]
qinhuai river is a river that once played an important role in thepolitical, economic and cultural development of the ancient city of nanjing. itis said that the qinhuai river is an artificial canal ordered by the firstemperor of qin dynasty. when the first emperor of qin dynasty visited kuaiji inthe east, in order to facilitate the navigation of ships, he ordered to digfangshan to connect the huaihe river with the yangtze river. however, accordingto geological investigation, qinhuai river is a natural river with a longhistory. at that time, the ancient river did pass through fangshan. however, dueto geographical changes, the river changed its course and gradually formed thepresent river. the qinhuai river in history has a wide channel. since yangxingmi, king of wu in the five dynasties, built the stone city in the area ofchangganqiao, the river began to narrow and was spanided into the inner and outerqinhuai river. the inner qinhuai river flows from the city of dongshuiguan,through the confucius temple, and then from the city of xishuiguan in the southof shuiximen to join the outer qinhuai river. the total length of the river is10 kilometers. this is the "ten mile qinhuai river" that has been praised andvisited by countless scholars and scholars since ancient times. li bai, liu yuxiand du mu, the great poets of tang dynasty, wrote poems for her. kong shangren'speach blossom fan and wu jingyang's scholars also vividly described the "ten liqinhuai river".
compared with the yangtze river, which flows through the north of nanjingcity, the ancient qinhuai river is very small, but it is closely related to thebirth and development of nanjing city, as well as the political, economic andcultural development of nanjing area. as early as five or six thousand years agoin the neolithic age, there have been human reproduction. so far, as many as 50or 60 relics of primitive villages have been found along both sides of theriver. in the six dynasties and the early ming dynasty, the feudal court alwaysregarded it as a natural barrier for the capital and a natural passage for theimperial palace. after the establishment of the capital jianye (nanjing), sunquan of the eastern wu dynasty used to make "gate ponds" on both sides of theqinhuai river, which could not only resist the enemy, but also prevent the six dynasties, both sides of the qinhuai river in the area ofconfucius temple have been prosperous places with dense residents and connectedmarkets. the qinhuai river has served as the main channel for foreign trade innanjing, with boats and boats shuttling through the river. it is said that inthe old days, there were many song houses and restaurants on both sides of theqinhuai river, the river houses and water pavilions were full of splendor, theyacht paintings were well lighted, and the rich and noble lived a life ofpleasure and money. the working people, especially the vast number of women, hada good taste of the bitterness of the world. at that time, prostitutes innanjing were mostly concentrated on both sides of the qinhuai river. lixiangjun, a famous prostitute who is not afraid of power and nobility, isdescribed in peach blossom fan by kong shangren, a dramatist in qing lives by wendeqiao on the south bank of qinhuai river.
the beautiful qinhuai river once flowed the loneliness of the wild age, theprosperity and extravagance since the six dynasties, the dirt of the oldsociety, the blood and tears of the working people, and even the blood of thenanjing massacre. however, today's qinhuai river, after the precipitation ofhistory and the transformation of the people, has exuded the fragrance of healthand civilization, showing a clear and moving style. it is the witness ofnanjing's history. no wonder people used to take "qinhuai" as the pronoun ofnanjing.
[qinhuai boat - banchi - zhaobi of confucius temple - square in front ofthe temple - lingxing gate]
ladies and gentlemen: now we come to the bank of the qinhuai river. thepainted defenses in the river are all made in the style of ming dynastyarchitecture, with big red balls and red lanterns hanging on the bow. wheneverthe lantern festival, nanjing people used to come here to enjoy the lights. itis said that after the establishment of the capital of ming dynasty, zhu yuanjinpaid a visit to the capital. when he came to the bank of the qinhuai river, hesaw trees on both sides of the river, clear water, pavilions and pleasantscenery. he said casually, "i'm sorry for the lack of boats in the river." whenthe emperor opened the golden gate, he sent people all night to build the boatin order to win the favor of the emperor. since then, qinhuai painting hasbecome a major feature here. especially in the mid autumn festival, tens ofthousands of lanterns are in full bloom on the river, and dragon lanterns aredancing on both sides of the river. songs, drums, cheers and laughter arecontinuous all night. it can be said that "qinhuai is the best in the world". nowonder there is a folk saying in nanjing that "every family walks on the bridge,everyone looks at the light".
this section of qinhuai river in front of us has become a confucius temple(confucius temple) and panchi since the song dynasty, also known as crescentmoon. in ancient times, the imperial academy was called biyong, and the princes'academy was called pangong. the confucius temple academy was equivalent to theplace where the princes gave lectures, so this pool was called "panchi".generally, there are three stone bridges built on panchi. according to thegrade, county officials and students take the middle one, and scholars take thebridges on both sides. it is said that in ancient times, a scholar mistakenlywent to zhongqiao. he was in a dilemma and had to jump into panchi byhimself.
please look at a section of vermilion stone brick wall on the other side ofthe river. this is the screen wall of confucius temple. zhaobi was built in thethird year of wanli in the ming dynasty (li ze nian), 110 meters long, which isthe highest zhaobi in the whole family. ladies and gentlemen, this confuciustemple was built in 337, the third year of emperor chengdi of the eastern jindynasty. at that time, emperor chengdi adopted the advice of wang dao: "thecultivation of talents is the most important thing in governing the country",and decided to establish the university on the bank of qinhuai river. in thefirst year of jingpai (1034), the confucius temple was built on the basis ofxuefu. therefore, confucius temple is a bustling city evolved from a culturaland educational center. it includes three main buildings: confucius temple,academy and gongyuan. its scope is adjacent to the north bank of qinhuai riverin the south, the east end of jiankang road in the north, yaojia lane in theeast and sifu lane in the west. although the confucius temple was destroyed manytimes, it was built and expanded in different dynasties. by the end of the qingdynasty and the beginning of the republic of china, the structure and layout ofits pavilions and temples were the best in the southeast. the present confuciustemple is partly rebuilt in the late qing dynasty and partly rebuilt in recentyears. please look back. this pavilion style building is called kuixingpavilion. it was first built in qianlong period of qing dynasty. the waterfrontbuilding was destroyed twice and rebuilt in 1985.
now we come to the square in front of the temple opened up in the qingdynasty. there are two steles standing at the east and west ends of the square,about one foot high, on which are engraved two words in manchu and chinese:"minister of culture and military dismounts here", which shows respect for thesage confucius. the pavilion with six corners and double eaves on the left iscalled "star gathering pavilion", which means that all the stars areconcentrated and talen
ts are gathered. it was built in the 14th year of wanli inthe ming dynasty (1586), but it was not rebuilt until the 8th year of tongzhi inthe qing dynasty (1869). this is the only qing dynasty building that survivedthe japanese artillery fire. unfortunately, it was demolished as "four old" in1968 and rebuilt in 1983, restoring its original style. the memorial archway inthe middle of the square is called "tianxia wenshu archway". please continue tofollow me. this gate is called lingxing gate, which is the gate of confuciustemple. it is said that ta xing is the star in charge of education in the is convenient and happy. the gate is a stone structure with six columns andthree gates. it was built in 1480, the 16th year of chenghua in the mingdynasty. it was later destroyed and rebuilt in 1870. however, the polar gate wesee now was rebuilt in 1983. the east and west sides of the gate are the eastand west markets.
南京导游考试夫子庙导游词 篇四
hello, everyone! today we are going to visit the confucius temple on thebank of qinhuai river. speaking of confucius temple, we have to talk aboutqinhuai river, the mother river of nanjing people. qinhuai river, also known ashuaishui, xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of nanjing culture. itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. it flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the confucius temple, so it iscalled "ten li qinhuai". from ancient times to the present, both sides of theqinhuai river are a prosperous scene. du mu's poem in the tang dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, night mooring qinhuai near therestaurant. business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of nanjing municipal government,today's ten mile qinhuai river has become a national 5a scenic spot showing theunique style of jiangnan.
the confucius temple consists of confucius temple, academy and gongyuan. inthe eastern jin dynasty, the imperial court built the academy here; in the songdynasty, the confucius temple was expanded on the former site of the academy; inthe southern song dynasty, the imperial examination hall gongyuan was r, the confucius temple was destroyed and built five times in history. thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the japanese invaders. today's confuciustemple was rebuilt after 1984.
temple square (2 minutes)
dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the confucius integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of confucius temple. the square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. the temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. the red wall behind you is called zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. itis 110 meters long and is the largest in china. the semicircular pool in frontof zhaobi is called panchi. in ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of confucius temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. therefore, this pool is called panchi. thebridge on the west side of panchi is called wende bridge, which is named for theconfucian advocating the moral of writing. because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year around the 15th dayof november, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be spanided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. this spectacle is called "wende spanidingthe moon". there is a star gathering pavilion on the west side of wende bridgesquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". facing this large archway,it is the "world wenshu archway". the shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. there is kuixing pavilion onthe south side of the archway. in ancient times, it was said that kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. therefore, kuixing was regarded as a god by studentsof all ages. in the north of the square is the lingxing gate. it is said thatthe lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. the reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.
dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)
dacheng gate is the main gate of dacheng hall and the main gate ofconfucius temple. in the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. two big characters, li and ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of confucius' thought and his lifelonggoal. behind the dacheng gate and in front of the dacheng hall, there is acorridor. on both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof confucius. they are all carved from white jade of han dynasty. they are minsang, ran geng, ran qiu, duanmu ci, ran yong, zai yu, yan yan yan and zhong the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. it is surroundedby stone railings. in front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. the terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. in the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofconfucius. in front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". with a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the confuciantemples in china. on both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. there are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as zhao puchu, lin sanzhi andwu zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.
dacheng hall (2 minutes)
dacheng hall is the landmark of confucius temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. the words "dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. there is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in china. the light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern confucius templewith yellow glazed tiles. it is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of nanjing confucius temple closer to folk culture. in the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of confucius in china. on the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. they are "model of the world" by kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byqianlong, and "si wen zai zi" by guangxu. in front of the portrait stand fourstudents of confucius, namely mencius, kongji, zengshen and yanhui. in front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as qin, guzheng and drum. onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting confucius' life anddeeds, which are "the picture of confucius' miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin yueqing, zhejiang province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from zhejiang, fujian, innermongolia, guangdong, guangxi and other places. the total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan the 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofnishan, the book of qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.
inscriptions (1 minute)
from dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is yutu spring. accordingto records, yutu spring was discovered and excavated by qin hui. beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of li hongzhang and zuo zongtang's donation of examinees'fees to beijing in the period of liangjiang governor. on the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the southern dynasty. it records the story ofconfucius seeking for rites from laozi in luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of lu to the state of zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and autumn period. in addition, it is the onlythree steles in nanjing, namely, the stele of jiqing confucius temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu the stele of man and the stele of fengsi.
a school: school gate (30 seconds), mingde hall (1 minute 30 seconds),zunjing pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)
the academy is located in the rear of dacheng hall. it is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by zeng guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by qin dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. entering thegate of the academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. on the forehead of the pavilions are the words "xi li"and "yang sheng", which were used by scholars to worship confucius in ancienttimes.
facing the gate of the school is mingde hall, whose name is inscribed bywen tianxiang. mingde hall is the place where students gather. after thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. ming de tang was originally named "ming lun tang". when the yuanarmy was about to conquer nanjing, wen tianxiang changed "ming lun tang" to"ming de tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.
the zunjing pavilion behind mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and t-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. it was a lecture hallwhere confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. now it is a museumof folk customs. standing side by side with zunjing pavilion are chongshengtemple and qingyun tower. zunjing academy is spanided into two sides behindzunjing pavilion. chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to confucius'ancestors, but now it is pear garden. qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the qing dynasty. zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. the small highland behind zunjing pavilionis called weishan, with jingyi pavilion built. the so-called "jingyi" is thedevotion to confucianism.
other (1 minute)
ladies and gentlemen, the confucius temple is prosperous during the day,and the confucius temple at night is even more colorful! as early as thenorthern and southern dynasties, there was a jinling lantern festival on theqinhuai river, and it reached its peak in the ming dynasty. the qinhuai river inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. today's confucius templefollows the huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". when tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueqinhuai snacks, explore the legend of qinhuai bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the strait by qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas wuyi lane, former residence of wang dao xie'an and former residence of lixiangjun. this is the end of my explanation. thank you!
b gongyuan front street, mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)
now we come to the front street of gongyuan. there are six statues standingin the street. they are all talented people from all dynasties. they are tangyin, wu chengen, zheng banqiao, wu jingzi, lin zexu and zhang jian. on the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. in front of the front street is thegongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by li yu. it was built in thesouthern song dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. it wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. when the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. in the yongle period of the ming dynasty, the gongyuan wasrebuilt. later, the scale of nanjing gongyuan continued to expand. when it wasofficially named "jiangnan gongyuan" in the qing dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the east, in the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the qinhuai river in the south andjiankang road in the north. after the republic of china, gongyuan was today, only mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical an building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. in the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of ming,qing and republic of china, which record the rise and fall of jiangnan gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. in the 1980s, the relevant departments established "jiangnangongyuan exhibition hall" here.
dormitory (1 minute)
now more than 40 houses have been restored in gongyuan. in the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. there are only two boards ondisplay. examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. during the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. we can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. in thewest side of gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees' the east side was the tourist experience area. interested friends canexperience it.
to court (1 minute 30 seconds)
the imperial examination began in the sui and tang dynasties and ended inthe late qing dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. in the ming and qingdynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, children'sexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. the"zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. the word "zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is spanided into three exhibitionhalls: east, west and east. in the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of kuixing'sfighting and monopolizing the first place. the horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of no it's often spectacular. the pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of china's imperialexamination system. the number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in china. on the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to jiangnan gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.
this concludes the explanation of confucius temple. thank you!
南京导游考试夫子庙导游词 篇五
各位游客。在昨天的游程中，我为大家安排游览了中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺，总统府旧址等名胜古迹。今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名“秦淮河”。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外“秦淮”。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。
古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作“栅塘”，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，劳动人民，特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面，饱尝了人间的辛酸。那时南京的妓女大多集中在秦淮河两岸。清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。
美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，甚至还溶有南京大屠杀的血腥。然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把“秦淮”当作南京的代名词。
各位游客：现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句：“惜河中缺游船。”皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓“秦淮灯火甲天下”。难怪南京有“家家走桥，人人看灯”的民谚。
我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称“泮池”。泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。
再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议：“治国以培育人才为重”，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。
现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字“文武大臣至此下马”，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作“四旧”拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。广场正中的这座牌坊，叫“天下文枢坊”。请大家继续随我往前走。这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的。极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。
各位游客：走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。门内侧有石碑四块。第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前520xx年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。碑的上半部有“孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题”的题字。图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有“永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流”的字样。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1320xx年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。
现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及“四配”(孔子高徒)、“十二哲”(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。
现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿——大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。“大成”意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。现在的大成殿已被辟为“南京乡土文化博物馆”。
请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方原来有“学宫”匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有“东南第一学”。牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。这四斋名称分别是“志道”、“据德”、“依仁”、“游艺”。后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。东墙有“卧碑”，就是训教的法规。左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆。这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群——贡院。
现在我们所站的地方便是贡院街，那条与贡院街相交的南北向街道就是贡院西街，贡院街北面就是古代时南京规模庞大的考试场——贡院。贡院建于南宋乾道四年(1168年)，是县府考试场所。明太祖朱元津定都南京后，这里成了乡试、会试场所。明永一乐十九年(1420xx年)迁都北京，但南京仍作为陪都，加上江南又是人文基本之地，考试仍在这里按期举行。明成祖继续派人建造江南贡院，明清两代对贡院不断扩建，到清光绪时，贡院规模之大，已成为当时23个行省的贡院之最。对此，我只要告诉大家一个数字，你就可想而知了——到清代同治年间，已建供考试用的“号舍”有20644间，且还不包括司考官员、职司人员的办公住宿用房。可惜现存贡院建筑已屈指可数，明远楼就是保存下来的贡院建筑之一，而其他大部分已被辟为市场。
现在，我们所见的这座三层建筑，就是明远楼了。楼呈四方形，四面设窗，地处贡院中心，在此可以监视考生和贡院内执役人员。“明远”的意思就是“慎终追远、明德归原”，封建王朝教育士子以“孝梯忠义”为立身之本。考生考完后，“金榜”就张贴在前面的贡院街。清末废除科举后，贡院也随之失去了原来的作用。1920xx年除留下明远楼和一部分号舍建筑用以陈列历史文物外，其余一并拆除，辟为市场。明远楼下的《金陵贡院遗迹碑》详细地记载了这一史实。
各位游客：关于夫子庙我就介绍到这里。如果大家有兴趣的话，可以去逛一下夫子庙的东市、西市，同时也可选购一些喜爱的工艺品和旅游纪念品，还可以去西街一带品尝夫子庙的风味小吃，夫子庙可谓是全国闻名的小吃荟萃之地。
南京导游考试夫子庙导游词 篇六
古时立学必祀奉孔子，其各地的孔庙，属于国家祀典内容之一。所以孔庙的特点是庙附于学，和国学、府(州)县学联为一体。庙的位置或在学宫的前部，或偏于一侧。
南京夫子庙是前庙后学的布局。孔庙、学宫与东侧的贡院(通过考试来取士的考场)组成三大文教古建筑群。古时候的孔庙有一定的布局形式。
一般前设照壁、棂星门和东西牌坊形成庙前广场，棂星门前设以半圆形水池，称为“泮池”。泮池是孔庙的特有形制，源自于周礼，而夫子庙凿秦淮河为泮池，是唯一利用天名河道作为泮池的遗例。岸北为石栏，有“天下文枢”牌坊，游人至此可凭栏小憩，浏览秦淮河风光。
夫子庙的大照壁位于秦淮河南岸，建于明万历三年(1575年)，全长110米，为中国照壁之最。
泮池边的石栏为明正德九年1514年所建，现也修饰完整。东有奎光阁，西有聚星亭，象征文风昌盛;庙前广场东西两侧立石柱，上书“文武大臣至此下马”，以示对“至圣文宣王”的崇敬之意。庙门前有“天下文枢”柏木牌坊一座，牌坊后面为“棂星门”，系丈余高石牌坊，六柱三门，中门刻有“棂星门”三字篆文。三门之间嵌有牡丹砖刻浮雕，柱头皆有云雕，形即华表。这是帝王出巡朝圣祀孔的通道，非一般官员百姓所能出入的。平日用木栅栏封闭。
街东西旧有“道冠古今”、“德配天地”两坊，民国以后被拆除。广场左右原有“聚星”、“思乐”二亭。聚星亭重檐六角，夫子庙于1983年复建;思乐亭今移建于东市小广场。
棂星门由三座单间石牌坊组成，石坊之间墙上嵌有牡丹图案的浮雕，中间石坊横楣刻有“棂星门”三个篆字，造型朴实无华。
入棂星门，东西两侧各有持敬门，中间为大成门，又称戟门。在封建时代，每逢朔、望(农历初一、十五)朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员、教谕、训导学教官由大成门进，士子走持敬门，不得逾矩。下阶为丹墀，东西并立三碑，东为元至顺二年(1331年)封至圣夫人碑，西为四亚圣碑，再西为清康熙修学宫碑记。丹墀左右为两庑，外有走廊通正殿。两庑供奉孔门的七十二贤人牌位。
正中是为“大成殿”，外有露台，是春秋祭奠时舞乐之地，三面环以石栏，四角设有紫铜燎炉，燃桐油火炬，祭祀多在午夜子时，光如白昼。殿内正中供奉“大成至圣先师孔之位”，左右配享四亚圣——颜回、曾参、孟轲、孔汲。殿的东边有小门通学宫。
明清时代的大成门为五间，两侧为耳房，供执事人等休息之用，中为三门，门内陈列戟，东设鼓，西置磬，每逢朔望朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员由大成门(中门)进，士子执事人等分走旁门。此门与大殿同毁于日军兵火。1986年新建的大成门面宽三间，门内正中有汉白玉屏风，上镌刻“重修夫子庙记”，树立四块古碑，其中齐永明二年的“孔子问礼图碑”是由南京市人民政府院内迁至此处的一块重要的碑铭。
入大成门循甬道丹墀而上，便是夫子庙的主殿大成殿。现大殿是按清代同治八年(1869年)的建筑为蓝本修建的，取消了原孔庙的后墙，使之与学宫融为一体。大殿七间，高18米，重檐歇山顶。原殿内正中为“大成至圣先师孔子之神位”牌位，两旁配享四亚圣。现殿内有孔子铜像，两旁配有孔子十二弟子汉白玉像。殿前有宽敞的露台，四周绕以石栏板，它是古时祭祀举行乐舞的地方。殿前两侧有廊庑相连，原是供奉孔门七十二贤人和历代大儒，及存放祭器的地方。现改作碑廊，墙上镶嵌陈列当今名流的书法碑石30多块。
孔庙院墙与学宫之间，东西北三面有宽畅的通道，曾种植几百棵柏树，古木参天，郁郁苍苍。那时，在庙外的文德桥上凭栏眺望，大成殿的黄色琉璃瓦屋顶在绿荫丛中显得金碧辉煌，雄伟壮观。殿后为“明德堂”，相传匾额为南宋文天祥楷书，后由曾国藩改为篆书。堂后为“尊经阁”，阁原为教谕讲课讲堂，楼上藏有大量儒教典籍的刻板和诸多圣贤画像。清嘉庆年间又遭战火破坏。
清同治八年(1869年)曾国藩、李鸿章二人相继重修扩建，恢复旧貌。然而，孔庙的主要建筑均于1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。解放后，原学宫部分作为秦淮区人民游乐场，“名宦乡贤祠”则改为夫子庙小学;大成殿遗址辟为夫子庙广场。“文化大geming”中，剩余建筑又遭破坏。1983年，政府拨款重建夫子庙古建筑群，主体建筑大致恢复旧貌。
夫子庙两侧的东西市场，原是学宫前甬道。东甬道为学宫正门，门前有坊，上书“泮宫”。坊东为明清两朝状元、榜眼、探花题名牌坊。坊西为会元、解元题名牌坊，坊的背面是武科题名牌坊。东西甬道旁，原各有三祠两署。民国以后废科举，兴学堂，学宫遂渐衰落，祠、署分别改为学校、教育局、图书馆等，学宫甬道也成为摊贩市场，东西市场的名称便从那时开始。
现东西市场于1987年建成，总建筑面积为4400平方米，吸收了我国传统的商业街道的空间形式和尺度，采用明清时代的街市风格，以石板铺地，店铺采用“青砖黛瓦马头墙，回廊挂落花格窗”，店、庙、市、街合一，富有浓郁的地方特色。
尊经阁在明德堂后，始建于明嘉靖年间，原为上下两层各五间，清嘉庆以后曾在此设尊经书院，楼上藏书，楼下讲学。1987年重建的尊经阁高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，底层五间，二层、三层均为三间。底层辟为“秦淮彩灯馆”，二层为“秦淮文物古迹陈列室”，三层备有茶座，可供游人休息并眺望夫子庙全景。
位于学宫东侧的“贡院”，始建于宋乾道四年(1168年)。它是当时建康府、县学考试的场所，范围甚小。明太祖朱元璋建都金陵，集乡试、会试于此，考生众多，不敷应用。明成祖永乐年间在此重新兴建，贡院始具规模。虽永乐十九年(1421年)成祖迁都北京，但此地仍为江南乡试所在地，清承明制，一如其旧，道光年间曾重新修建。咸丰年间文庙、学宫俱遭兵火，贡院却独能幸存。同治时又重扩建，范围更大，考棚号舍有2万余间，居中国各省之冠。
当时贡院东起今姚家巷，南至贡院东等和贡院街，西至贡院西街与夫子庙隔街相望，北至今建康路。整个贡院成正方形，内有号舍(俗称考棚)20644间，一人一间，每次考试可容纳2万多人。当时贡院正门在今永和园及秦淮剧场之间。
大门外街之东、西各有木牌坊一座，即东、西辕门。大门外东西有石狮子一对及两座石牌坊，轴线上有门三道，分别称“贡院”、“开天文运”及“龙门”。
龙门后依次有明远楼、至公堂及戒慎堂。堂后有门，门后有飞虹桥。桥之南属外帘，飞虹桥是内外帘的分界线。最后为衡鉴堂，是主考官阅考卷、评定名次的地方。考试期间内外帘分隔很严，不得擅自出入。整个贡院四周围以高墙，墙外为街道，街道另一边为店铺民居。自光绪三十一年(1905年)废科举后，贡院即闲置无用。民国7年决定拆除贡院，开辟市场，只保留了明远楼、飞虹桥和明远楼东西少数号舍及明、清碑刻22方。
明远楼始建于明永乐年间，清道光年间重建。平面正方形，三层木结构建筑。底层四面为墙，各开有圆拱门，四檐柱从底层直通至楼顶，梁柱交织，四面皆窗。登临四顾，整个贡院一目了然。它是考试期间考官和执事官员警戒、发号施令的地方。明远楼内已辟为科举制度陈列馆——江南贡院历史陈列馆，展出了100多幅反映中国科举制度的珍贵文献资料、图片，并按原样复建了40间号舍。原安放在贡院内的22方明清碑刻，现集中陈列于明远楼东西两侧，它是研究明清贡院建制沿革和科举情况的实物资料。
